Elena Claudia Meroni (European Commission, JRC)
Juliana Bernhofer and Stefano Chiesa
In this paper we estimate the effect of the The Effect of the EU Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reprotoxic Substances Directive (CMRD) on firmsÂ’ outcomes. This Directive sets out a framework for eliminating or minimizing exposure to carcinogenic chemical agents, ensuring a safer working environment for employees across the EU.The CMRD was initially introduced in 1997, but it underwent several amendments, with the two most significant occurring in 2017 and 2019, when numerous additional substances were added and their use restricted. The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of the CMRD on firms' level outcomes, i.e., outcomes that are indirectly affected by the Directive. We exploited the staggered development of the Directive in a staggered difference- in -difference setting, comparing outcomes evolution in treated and not treated sectors.